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Tuesday, April 25, 2017
Old and new social movement in India
MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-004
Assignment
Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
8. Define social movement and describe at least one old social movement and one
new social movement in India.
Ans.
Social movement involves collective action.
However, it takes the form of a movement only when it is sustained for a long
time. This collective action need not be formally organized. But it should be
able to create an interest and awakening in relatively large number of people.
The term “social movement” is being used to denote a wide variety of collective
attempts to bring about a change in certain social institutions or to create an
entirely new order. Sometimes the term is used in distinction from religious or
political movements and from movements among particular groups, e.g., the women
movement or youth’s movement. As all of this movement occur in society and tend
to affect the social order it would be permissible to apply the term social
movement to all of them. According to Blumer social movements is collective
enterprise to establish a new social order of life.
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The relationship between tribes and castes in India
MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-004
Assignment
Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
7. Describe the relationship between tribes and castes in India with suitable
examples.
Ans.
There are more than 400 groups in Indian
society which are officially designated as scheduled tribes. These groups have
all been undergoing changes. These changes have been observed and described by
a variety of persons for nearly 100 years, but their consequences and
implications have been seriously misconstrued. The conventional wisdom among
anthropologists has been that when a tribe undergoes change through a loss of
isolation and through close integration with the wider society, sooner or
later, and with unfailing regularity, it becomes a caste. While this may have
been true to a greater or lesser extent till the forties, the argument is no longer
valid. Yet anthropologists have gone on making such a generalisation and
despite in adequacy of data, concept and argument to support it.
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The working class and the major characteristics of working classes in the organized sector in India.
MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-004
Assignment
Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
5. Who are the working class? Discuss the major characteristics of working
classes in the organized sector in India.
Ans.
“Working class” is a confusing concept. It’s
not just that the term is hard to define. It also carries different, even
contrasting connotations. Sometimes it’s merely descriptive. “Working class”
refers to hard-working, bluecollar and low-wage workers without college
education who struggle to get by economically. But “working class” can also
bring to mind lazy, unproductive failures who are going nowhere, or relics of
earlier era of industrialization. Working class is a term used in academic
sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe those employed in lower tier
jobs, as measured by skill, education and lower incomes. Working classes are
mainly found in industrialized economies and in urban areas of
non-industrialized economies.
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The views of Ambedkar on caste system in India
MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-004
Assignment
Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
3. What were the views of Ambedkar on caste system in India? Discuss
critically.
Ans.
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April, 1891–6
December, 1956), also known as Babasaheb, was an Indian jurist, political
leader, Buddhist activist, philosopher, thinker, anthropologist, historian,
orator, prolific writer, economist, scholar, editor, revolutionary and a
revivalist for Buddhism in India. He was also the chief architect of the Indian
Constitution. Born into a poor Mahar, then Untouchable, family, Ambedkar spent
his whole life fighting against social discrimination, the system of
Chaturvarna – the categorization of Hindu society into four varnas – and the
Hindu caste system. He is also credited with providing a spark for the conversion
of hundreds of thousands of Dalits with his Ambedkar(ite) Buddhism. Ambedkar
has been honoured with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award.
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The emergance and growth of sociology as a discipline in India
MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-004
Assignment
Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
1. Describe with suitable examples the emergance and growth of sociology as a
discipline in India.
Ans.
Sociology in India also had to deal with
Western writings and ideas about Indian society that were not always correct.
These ideas were expressed both in the accounts of Colonial officials as well
Western scholars. For many of them Indian society was a contrast to Western
society. We take just one example here, the way the Indian village was
understood and portrayed as unchanging. In keeping with contemporary Victorian
evolutionary ideas, Western writers saw in the Indian village a remnant or
survival from what was called “the infancy of society”. They saw in 19th
century India the past of the European Society.
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The Green Peace Movement
MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-003
Assignment
Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
8. Write a note on the Green Peace Movement.
Ans.
Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental
organization with offices in over 40 countries and with an international
coordinating body in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Greenpeace states its goal is to “ensure
the ability of the earth to nurture life in all its diversity” and focuses its
work on worldwide issues such as global warming, deforestation, overfishing,
commercial whaling and anti-nuclear issues. Greenpeace uses direct action,
lobbying and research to achieve its goals. The global organization does not
accept funding from governments, corporations or political parties, relying on
more than 2.8 million individual supporters and foundation grants. Greenpeace
evolved from the peace movement and anti-nuclear protests in Vancouver, British
Columbia in the early 1970s.
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The debates revolving around large dams in India with examples
MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-003
Assignment
Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
7. Bring out the debates revolving around large dams in India, with suitable
examples.
Ans.
There are number of debates on the impact of
dams in economy, society and environment. These debates have brought some
arguments in favour of some against the dams.
(a)
Resistance and Displacement: Although
enthusiasm for mega-dam projects amongst policy-makers remains largely
undimmed, a formidable body of independent empirical research into many of these
large dams has established how their social, human and environmental costs have
been ignored or grossly understated in the planning of these projects, and the
expected benefits exaggerated. Of the very many neglected costs of the big
dams, some of the most grave are the social and human consequences of
displacement. We will restrict ourselves to an analysis of these human and
social impacts of displacement, and especially to those that result directly or
indirectly from the omissions or commissions of policy.
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The gender perspective on Development
MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-003
Assignment
Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
3. Critically examine the gender perspective on Development.
Ans.
The concept of gender equality may be taken to
primarily refer to the full equality of men and women to enjoy the complete
range of political, economic, civil, social and cultural rights, with no one
being denied access to these rights, or deprived of them, because of their sex.
However,
to achieve such full equality in a meaningful and real sense, equality under
the law is simply not sufficient, though vitally necessary. The historically
inferior position of women, the all-too-often unfavourable cultural and
traditional context and the social roles must be taken into account: “Formal or
de jure equality, which involves simply “adding women” to the existing
paradigms is an inadequate response to women’s inequality. Realizing women’s substantive
or de facto equality involves addressing the institutionalized nature of women’s
disadvantage and changing the cultural, traditional and religious beliefs that
typecast women as inferior to men. It also means recognizing that notions of
masculinity and femininity are interdependent…” Although not explicitly using
the term gender, the concept is clear in the phrase `notions of masculinity and
femininity`, and the message seems to be that as development practitioners, we
should recognize the “gendered” stereotypes which prevent achievement of full
equality between the sexes, and attempt to redress them.
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The salient features of Gandhian perspective on development
MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-003
Assignment
Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
2. Bring out the salient features of Gandhian perspective on development.
Ans.
The spinning wheel symbolized self-reliance.
It was a potent instrument to reach out to people to promote swadeshi or native
goods. That way it hurt the British interests most when it resulted in boycott
of foreign goods. Charkha, literally meaning “wheel,” is India’s generic term
for any spinning wheel or hand-cranked spinning machine. During his lifetime,
Gandhi referred to the spinning wheel as a symbol of non-violence,
independence, and the tool needed to lift India out of poverty. Returning to
India from South Africa, where he had enjoyed a successful legal practice,
Ghandi gave up wearing Western-style clothing, which he associated with wealth
and success. He dressed to be accepted by the poorest person in India,
advocating the use of homespun cloth (Khadi) and a simple living lifestyle.
Gandhi and his followers adopted the practice of weaving their own clothes from
thread they themselves spun, and encouraged others to do so. While Indian
workers were often idle due to unemployment, they had often bought their
clothing from industrial manufacturers owned by British interests.
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The liberal perspective on development
MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY
OF DEVELOPMENT
Course Code:
MSO-003
Assignment
Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
1. What is the liberal perspective on development ?
Ans.
Liberalism as an ideology and a social
philosophy, which emerged in 17th and 18th century Europe. Its central claim
is, that the form or structure of society should be be determined by the outcome
of processes, which are interactive, and open to all members of society. The
free market, and multi-party liberal democracy, is the best known examples of
liberal process. Liberalism, together with nationalism, can be considered as
the foundational ideology of modern western states: liberal-democratic
nation-states with a market economy. ‘Liberal’ refers not only to ideology and
political parties, but to a historically unique form of society. On that ground
alone, it cannot be simply identified with ‘freedom’–a form of society is not a
freedom as such. The practice of political liberalism is often repressive
anyway, but even in its theory liberalism is not an advocacy of absolute
liberty, nor of individualist ethical egoism
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Digital divide in India
MSO-002:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND METHODS
Course Code:
MSO-002
Assignment
Code: MSO-002/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Write
a research report on any one of the following topics in about 3000
words.
Q.
7. Digital divide in India.
Ans.
The term digital divide describes a gap in
terms of access to and usage of information and communication technology. It
was traditionally considered to be a question of having or not having access,
but with a global mobile phone penetration of over 95%,it is becoming a
relative inequality between those who have more and less bandwidth and more or
less skills.Conceptualizations of the digital divide have been described as “who,
with which characteristics, connects how to what”:
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Positivism and Giddens’s critique of positivism
MSO-002:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND METHODS
Course Code:
MSO-002
Assignment
Code: MSO-002/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
2. What is positivism? Discuss Giddens’s critique of positivism.
Ans. Positivism
transpires from incredible optimism revolving around cognitive power of
science. The heritage line of positivism could be traced out from the
nineteenth century in France. At the same time, noteworthy transformation in
the sphere of knowledge took place. The segregation of science and philosophy
become unavoidable; scientific journals arrive on the scene, and a strong
association between science and industry was established. It was also believes
that single scientific method is appropriate for all.
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Phenemenology with reference to the contribution of Martin Heidegger
MSO-002:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND METHODS
Course Code:
MSO-002
Assignment
Code: MSO-002/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks: 100
Q.
1. What is phenomenology? Explain with reference to the contribution of Martin
Heidegger.
Ans.
Phenomenology deal with consciousness offering
encouragement to its students. It considers consciousness as given data on
which we can shape the basics of maintain such knowledge. The concentration is
on illuminating the character of realistic consciousness. The target is to
decline a priori structure and focus on the explanation of experience. It
includes an explanation of the material acts of the actors as well as their
objectives and rationale, the way of making categorization, accredit senses and
meanings. In most of the ways, these thoughts of phenomenology locate full
manifestation in ethnomethodology.
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The relationship between identity and identification
MSO-001:
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS
Course Code:
MSO-001
Assignment
Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks:
100
Q.
7. Examine the relationship between identity and identification.
Ans.
Psychology defines personal identity is the
condition or fact of remaining the same person throughout the various phases of
existence. In social sciences, identity is traced to Locke’s essay Concerning
Human Understanding (1690) and David Hume’s Treatise on Human Nature. The
evolutionary anthropological theory which considered peychic unity of mankind
as a fact denied the notion of identity or individuality.
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Sovereignty and the difference between internal and external sovereignty
MSO-001:
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS
Course Code:
MSO-001
Assignment
Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks:
100
Q.
6. What is sovereignty? Discuss the difference between internal and external
sovereignty.
Ans.
We may find the core of the concept of
sovereignty in the definition of Hinsley who defines it as “the idea that there
is a final and absolute political authority in the political community … and
that no final and absolute authority exists elsewhere. Sovereignty is the chief
characteristic of the state. It is essentially a juristic concept implying
supreme and final power. In every state there is a sovereign body endowed with
supreme power to translate in legal terms the ‘Will’ of the state. This
sovereign body may be a person or a body of persons. Its ‘Will’ is binding over
all individuals and associations within its confines. In case of conflict between
persons inter se or association sinter, the sovereign body is the referee and
the final arbiter. It adjusts and harmonizes the conflicting claims of different
individuals and associations. Hence, sovereignty is synonymous with final,
absolute and unlimited power. There is no legal limit to sovereignty
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The concept of liberty in the writings of Isaiah Berlin
MSO-001:
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS
Course Code:
MSO-001
Assignment
Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks:
100
Q.
3. Explain the concept of liberty in the writings of Isaiah Berlin.
Ans.
The concepts of liberty and freedom can now be
analysed as follows:
Isaiah
Berlin: Negative and Positive Philosophy : Two
concepts of liberty was one of the seminal contributions to political
philosophy. Berlin distinguishes negative and positive liberty. In this sense,
different meanings of liberty are elicited as the answers to two questions.
First, what is the area within which a person or a group of persons is able to
do without interference from others? This liberty is negative liberty. We must
remember that political liberty is the area within which a person can act
unobstructed by others. Second, is about the source of control or interference
that can determine someone to this rather than that. This is form of positive
liberty.
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The concept of social reality in the context of symbolic universe
MSO-001:
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS
Course Code:
MSO-001
Assignment
Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks:
100
Q.
2. Discuss the concept of social reality in the context of symbolic universe.
Ans.
Reality is socially defined and it is human
beings and human groups that define its contours. The specialists in a society
provide complete legitimation of the social reality. There can be differences
of view and opinion between the experts and the laymen. Hence, there is a kind
of competition on whose definitions and concepts are going to be beneficial and
become operative in social interaction going on in society. There are different
ways of apprehending and perceiving social process. The best course of action
depends on the ideology which is invoked to explain any aspect of the symbolic
universe that has become the area of concern, ego, and societal conflict over
the distribution of resources. The ideology giving benefit to the individual is
selected by him.
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The relationship between theory and paradigm
MSO-001:
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS
Course Code:
MSO-001
Assignment
Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17
Total Marks:
100
Q.
1. Discuss the relationship between theory and paradigm.
Ans.
The concept of scientific paradigm and
particularly the sociological paradigm, is closely connected to sociological
theories. If we assume that a scientific paradigm represents a general hypothesis
of scientific knowledge, a general knowledge which can be presented both as a
practical one and as a specific matrix of scientific research, then we can talk
about a wider and more exact system of views, attitudes and theories concerning
the scientific explanation of objective reality. In its widest meaning, a
scientific paradigm is ‘a set of facts and convictions which is systematically
presented, that is presented as a theory whose function is to initiate
theoretical productions, and practical research in certain fields thereafter,
so that it appears in this sense as a source of some future or already existing
theoretical composition
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