IGNOU MSO SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS: 2017

Friday, August 18, 2017

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Saturday, June 3, 2017

Tuesday, April 25, 2017

Old and new social movement in India

MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-004

Assignment Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 8. Define social movement and describe at least one old social movement and one new social movement in India.

Ans. Social movement involves collective action. However, it takes the form of a movement only when it is sustained for a long time. This collective action need not be formally organized. But it should be able to create an interest and awakening in relatively large number of people. The term “social movement” is being used to denote a wide variety of collective attempts to bring about a change in certain social institutions or to create an entirely new order. Sometimes the term is used in distinction from religious or political movements and from movements among particular groups, e.g., the women movement or youth’s movement. As all of this movement occur in society and tend to affect the social order it would be permissible to apply the term social movement to all of them. According to Blumer social movements is collective enterprise to establish a new social order of life.

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The relationship between tribes and castes in India

MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-004

Assignment Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 7. Describe the relationship between tribes and castes in India with suitable examples.

Ans. There are more than 400 groups in Indian society which are officially designated as scheduled tribes. These groups have all been undergoing changes. These changes have been observed and described by a variety of persons for nearly 100 years, but their consequences and implications have been seriously misconstrued. The conventional wisdom among anthropologists has been that when a tribe undergoes change through a loss of isolation and through close integration with the wider society, sooner or later, and with unfailing regularity, it becomes a caste. While this may have been true to a greater or lesser extent till the forties, the argument is no longer valid. Yet anthropologists have gone on making such a generalisation and despite in adequacy of data, concept and argument to support it.

The working class and the major characteristics of working classes in the organized sector in India.

MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-004

Assignment Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 5. Who are the working class? Discuss the major characteristics of working classes in the organized sector in India.

Ans. “Working class” is a confusing concept. It’s not just that the term is hard to define. It also carries different, even contrasting connotations. Sometimes it’s merely descriptive. “Working class” refers to hard-working, bluecollar and low-wage workers without college education who struggle to get by economically. But “working class” can also bring to mind lazy, unproductive failures who are going nowhere, or relics of earlier era of industrialization. Working class is a term used in academic sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe those employed in lower tier jobs, as measured by skill, education and lower incomes. Working classes are mainly found in industrialized economies and in urban areas of non-industrialized economies.

The views of Ambedkar on caste system in India

MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-004

Assignment Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 3. What were the views of Ambedkar on caste system in India? Discuss critically.

Ans. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April, 1891–6 December, 1956), also known as Babasaheb, was an Indian jurist, political leader, Buddhist activist, philosopher, thinker, anthropologist, historian, orator, prolific writer, economist, scholar, editor, revolutionary and a revivalist for Buddhism in India. He was also the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. Born into a poor Mahar, then Untouchable, family, Ambedkar spent his whole life fighting against social discrimination, the system of Chaturvarna – the categorization of Hindu society into four varnas – and the Hindu caste system. He is also credited with providing a spark for the conversion of hundreds of thousands of Dalits with his Ambedkar(ite) Buddhism. Ambedkar has been honoured with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award.

The emergance and growth of sociology as a discipline in India

MSO-004: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-004

Assignment Code: MSO-004/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 1. Describe with suitable examples the emergance and growth of sociology as a discipline in India.

Ans. Sociology in India also had to deal with Western writings and ideas about Indian society that were not always correct. These ideas were expressed both in the accounts of Colonial officials as well Western scholars. For many of them Indian society was a contrast to Western society. We take just one example here, the way the Indian village was understood and portrayed as unchanging. In keeping with contemporary Victorian evolutionary ideas, Western writers saw in the Indian village a remnant or survival from what was called “the infancy of society”. They saw in 19th century India the past of the European Society.

The Green Peace Movement

MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-003

Assignment Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 8. Write a note on the Green Peace Movement.

Ans. Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over 40 countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Greenpeace states its goal is to “ensure the ability of the earth to nurture life in all its diversity” and focuses its work on worldwide issues such as global warming, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling and anti-nuclear issues. Greenpeace uses direct action, lobbying and research to achieve its goals. The global organization does not accept funding from governments, corporations or political parties, relying on more than 2.8 million individual supporters and foundation grants. Greenpeace evolved from the peace movement and anti-nuclear protests in Vancouver, British Columbia in the early 1970s.

The debates revolving around large dams in India with examples

MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-003

Assignment Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 7. Bring out the debates revolving around large dams in India, with suitable examples.

Ans. There are number of debates on the impact of dams in economy, society and environment. These debates have brought some arguments in favour of some against the dams.

(a) Resistance and Displacement: Although enthusiasm for mega-dam projects amongst policy-makers remains largely undimmed, a formidable body of independent empirical research into many of these large dams has established how their social, human and environmental costs have been ignored or grossly understated in the planning of these projects, and the expected benefits exaggerated. Of the very many neglected costs of the big dams, some of the most grave are the social and human consequences of displacement. We will restrict ourselves to an analysis of these human and social impacts of displacement, and especially to those that result directly or indirectly from the omissions or commissions of policy.

The gender perspective on Development

MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-003

Assignment Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 3. Critically examine the gender perspective on Development.

Ans. The concept of gender equality may be taken to primarily refer to the full equality of men and women to enjoy the complete range of political, economic, civil, social and cultural rights, with no one being denied access to these rights, or deprived of them, because of their sex.

However, to achieve such full equality in a meaningful and real sense, equality under the law is simply not sufficient, though vitally necessary. The historically inferior position of women, the all-too-often unfavourable cultural and traditional context and the social roles must be taken into account: “Formal or de jure equality, which involves simply “adding women” to the existing paradigms is an inadequate response to women’s inequality. Realizing women’s substantive or de facto equality involves addressing the institutionalized nature of women’s disadvantage and changing the cultural, traditional and religious beliefs that typecast women as inferior to men. It also means recognizing that notions of masculinity and femininity are interdependent…” Although not explicitly using the term gender, the concept is clear in the phrase `notions of masculinity and femininity`, and the message seems to be that as development practitioners, we should recognize the “gendered” stereotypes which prevent achievement of full equality between the sexes, and attempt to redress them.

The salient features of Gandhian perspective on development

MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-003

Assignment Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 2. Bring out the salient features of Gandhian perspective on development.

Ans. The spinning wheel symbolized self-reliance. It was a potent instrument to reach out to people to promote swadeshi or native goods. That way it hurt the British interests most when it resulted in boycott of foreign goods. Charkha, literally meaning “wheel,” is India’s generic term for any spinning wheel or hand-cranked spinning machine. During his lifetime, Gandhi referred to the spinning wheel as a symbol of non-violence, independence, and the tool needed to lift India out of poverty. Returning to India from South Africa, where he had enjoyed a successful legal practice, Ghandi gave up wearing Western-style clothing, which he associated with wealth and success. He dressed to be accepted by the poorest person in India, advocating the use of homespun cloth (Khadi) and a simple living lifestyle. Gandhi and his followers adopted the practice of weaving their own clothes from thread they themselves spun, and encouraged others to do so. While Indian workers were often idle due to unemployment, they had often bought their clothing from industrial manufacturers owned by British interests.

The liberal perspective on development

MSO-003: SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Course Code: MSO-003

Assignment Code: MSO-003/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 1. What is the liberal perspective on development ?

Ans. Liberalism as an ideology and a social philosophy, which emerged in 17th and 18th century Europe. Its central claim is, that the form or structure of society should be be determined by the outcome of processes, which are interactive, and open to all members of society. The free market, and multi-party liberal democracy, is the best known examples of liberal process. Liberalism, together with nationalism, can be considered as the foundational ideology of modern western states: liberal-democratic nation-states with a market economy. ‘Liberal’ refers not only to ideology and political parties, but to a historically unique form of society. On that ground alone, it cannot be simply identified with ‘freedom’–a form of society is not a freedom as such. The practice of political liberalism is often repressive anyway, but even in its theory liberalism is not an advocacy of absolute liberty, nor of individualist ethical egoism

Digital divide in India

MSO-002: RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND METHODS

Course Code: MSO-002

Assignment Code: MSO-002/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Write a research report on any one of the following topics in about 3000 words.

Q. 7. Digital divide in India.

Ans. The term digital divide describes a gap in terms of access to and usage of information and communication technology. It was traditionally considered to be a question of having or not having access, but with a global mobile phone penetration of over 95%,it is becoming a relative inequality between those who have more and less bandwidth and more or less skills.Conceptualizations of the digital divide have been described as “who, with which characteristics, connects how to what”:

Positivism and Giddens’s critique of positivism

MSO-002: RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND METHODS

Course Code: MSO-002

Assignment Code: MSO-002/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 2. What is positivism? Discuss Giddens’s critique of positivism.

Ans. Positivism transpires from incredible optimism revolving around cognitive power of science. The heritage line of positivism could be traced out from the nineteenth century in France. At the same time, noteworthy transformation in the sphere of knowledge took place. The segregation of science and philosophy become unavoidable; scientific journals arrive on the scene, and a strong association between science and industry was established. It was also believes that single scientific method is appropriate for all.

Phenemenology with reference to the contribution of Martin Heidegger

MSO-002: RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND METHODS

Course Code: MSO-002

Assignment Code: MSO-002/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 1. What is phenomenology? Explain with reference to the contribution of Martin Heidegger.

Ans. Phenomenology deal with consciousness offering encouragement to its students. It considers consciousness as given data on which we can shape the basics of maintain such knowledge. The concentration is on illuminating the character of realistic consciousness. The target is to decline a priori structure and focus on the explanation of experience. It includes an explanation of the material acts of the actors as well as their objectives and rationale, the way of making categorization, accredit senses and meanings. In most of the ways, these thoughts of phenomenology locate full manifestation in ethnomethodology.

The relationship between identity and identification

MSO-001: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS

Course Code: MSO-001

Assignment Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 7. Examine the relationship between identity and identification.

Ans. Psychology defines personal identity is the condition or fact of remaining the same person throughout the various phases of existence. In social sciences, identity is traced to Locke’s essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) and David Hume’s Treatise on Human Nature. The evolutionary anthropological theory which considered peychic unity of mankind as a fact denied the notion of identity or individuality.

Sovereignty and the difference between internal and external sovereignty

MSO-001: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS

Course Code: MSO-001

Assignment Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 6. What is sovereignty? Discuss the difference between internal and external sovereignty.

Ans. We may find the core of the concept of sovereignty in the definition of Hinsley who defines it as “the idea that there is a final and absolute political authority in the political community … and that no final and absolute authority exists elsewhere. Sovereignty is the chief characteristic of the state. It is essentially a juristic concept implying supreme and final power. In every state there is a sovereign body endowed with supreme power to translate in legal terms the ‘Will’ of the state. This sovereign body may be a person or a body of persons. Its ‘Will’ is binding over all individuals and associations within its confines. In case of conflict between persons inter se or association sinter, the sovereign body is the referee and the final arbiter. It adjusts and harmonizes the conflicting claims of different individuals and associations. Hence, sovereignty is synonymous with final, absolute and unlimited power. There is no legal limit to sovereignty

The concept of liberty in the writings of Isaiah Berlin

MSO-001: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS

Course Code: MSO-001

Assignment Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 3. Explain the concept of liberty in the writings of Isaiah Berlin.

Ans. The concepts of liberty and freedom can now be analysed as follows:

Isaiah Berlin: Negative and Positive Philosophy : Two concepts of liberty was one of the seminal contributions to political philosophy. Berlin distinguishes negative and positive liberty. In this sense, different meanings of liberty are elicited as the answers to two questions. First, what is the area within which a person or a group of persons is able to do without interference from others? This liberty is negative liberty. We must remember that political liberty is the area within which a person can act unobstructed by others. Second, is about the source of control or interference that can determine someone to this rather than that. This is form of positive liberty.

The concept of social reality in the context of symbolic universe

MSO-001: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS

Course Code: MSO-001

Assignment Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 2. Discuss the concept of social reality in the context of symbolic universe.

Ans. Reality is socially defined and it is human beings and human groups that define its contours. The specialists in a society provide complete legitimation of the social reality. There can be differences of view and opinion between the experts and the laymen. Hence, there is a kind of competition on whose definitions and concepts are going to be beneficial and become operative in social interaction going on in society. There are different ways of apprehending and perceiving social process. The best course of action depends on the ideology which is invoked to explain any aspect of the symbolic universe that has become the area of concern, ego, and societal conflict over the distribution of resources. The ideology giving benefit to the individual is selected by him.

The relationship between theory and paradigm

MSO-001: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES CONCEPTS

Course Code: MSO-001

Assignment Code: MSO-001/AST/TMA/2016-17

Total Marks: 100

Q. 1. Discuss the relationship between theory and paradigm.

Ans. The concept of scientific paradigm and particularly the sociological paradigm, is closely connected to sociological theories. If we assume that a scientific paradigm represents a general hypothesis of scientific knowledge, a general knowledge which can be presented both as a practical one and as a specific matrix of scientific research, then we can talk about a wider and more exact system of views, attitudes and theories concerning the scientific explanation of objective reality. In its widest meaning, a scientific paradigm is ‘a set of facts and convictions which is systematically presented, that is presented as a theory whose function is to initiate theoretical productions, and practical research in certain fields thereafter, so that it appears in this sense as a source of some future or already existing theoretical composition